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Resources and Education
Educational resources, training, and technical guidance for securing the software delivery lifecycle, including AI development, software supply chain security, and DevSecOps.
Securing the software delivery lifecycle requires more than tools and technology. It also requires knowledge, practical skills, and an understanding of evolving cybersecurity threats, standards, and best practices. As software development increasingly incorporates open-source dependencies, automated CI/CD pipelines, and AI-assisted development, continuous education has become an essential part of building and maintaining secure software.
The CI/CD Cybersecurity Guide is designed to help developers, DevOps teams, platform engineers, security professionals, and open-source maintainers identify practical, open-source solutions for securing their software delivery processes. This Resources and Education chapter extends that mission by connecting practitioners with training, technical guidance, industry standards, and community resources that support secure software development.
Accessible Cybersecurity Education
This chapter highlights educational resources from the Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF), the Linux Foundation, and other trusted organizations, with an emphasis on free and accessible training.
Our goal is simple: Make cybersecurity education and practical resources accessible to every software team, regardless of its size, budget, or security expertise.
By combining education with the Guide’s open-source tooling recommendations, we hope to help teams move beyond understanding security requirements to implementing them throughout the software delivery lifecycle.
This chapter includes:
1 - Free Linux Foundation Courses
Educational courses for securing the software delivery lifecycle, including AI development, software supply chain security, and DevSecOps from the OpenSSF and Linux Foundation.
Free OpenSSF and Linux Foundation Cybersecurity Education
The Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF) and Linux Foundation provide free educational resources covering secure software development, AI security, software supply chain security, DevSecOps, vulnerability management, and cybersecurity compliance.
These courses are available online at no cost and provide practical training for developers, DevOps teams, platform engineers, security professionals, and open-source maintainers.
Training catalogs:
Recommended Free Learning Path
For practitioners who are new to software security, the following progression provides a practical starting point.
| Step |
Course |
Learning Objective |
| 1 |
Developing Secure Software (LFD121) |
Understand secure software development fundamentals. |
| 2 |
Secure AI/ML-Driven Software Development (LFEL1012) |
Learn secure practices for AI-assisted software development. |
| 3 |
Introduction to DevSecOps for Managers (LFS180) |
Understand how security fits into CI/CD workflows. |
| 4 |
Automating Supply Chain Security (LFEL1007) |
Learn SBOMs, provenance, and software supply chain controls. |
| 5 |
Securing Your Software Supply Chain with Sigstore (LFS182) |
Learn software artifact signing and verification. |
| 6 |
Securing Projects with OpenSSF Scorecard (LFEL1006) |
Automate assessment of open-source project security. |
| 7 |
Understanding the EU Cyber Resilience Act (LFEL1001) |
Understand software cybersecurity regulatory obligations. |
1. Securing AI Development
| Course |
Course ID |
Description |
Link |
| Secure AI/ML-Driven Software Development |
LFEL1012 |
Security risks of AI coding assistants, protecting development environments, prompt injection, secure AI-generated code, and code review. |
Course |
| Conversational AI: Ensuring Compliance and Mitigating Risks |
LFS120 |
AI risk management, NIST AI RMF, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 42001, privacy, and operational risk mitigation. |
Course |
| Ethical Principles for Conversational AI |
LFS118 |
Responsible AI development, ethical risks, privacy, transparency, and trustworthy AI practices. |
Catalog |
2. Software Supply Chain Security
| Course |
Course ID |
Description |
Link |
| Securing Your Software Supply Chain with Sigstore |
LFS182 |
Software artifact signing, verification, Cosign, Fulcio, Rekor, and software supply chain integrity. |
Course |
| Automating Supply Chain Security: SBOMs and Signatures |
LFEL1007 |
SBOM generation, software provenance, signatures, dependency tracking, attestations, and supply chain security automation. |
Catalog |
| Securing Projects with OpenSSF Scorecard |
LFEL1006 |
Automated assessment of open-source repository security practices and integration of OpenSSF Scorecard into development workflows. |
Course |
| Security Self-Assessments for Open Source Projects |
LFEL1005 |
Evaluating open-source project security practices, identifying security gaps, and preparing for security reviews and audits. |
Catalog |
| Developing Secure Software |
LFD121 |
Secure coding, dependency security, vulnerability prevention, threat modeling, and secure software development fundamentals. |
Course |
3. DevSecOps and CI/CD Security
| Course |
Course ID |
Description |
Link |
| Introduction to DevSecOps for Managers |
LFS180 |
DevSecOps principles, integrating security into CI/CD, organizational transformation, security processes, and development workflows. |
Course |
| Developing Secure Software |
LFD121 |
Secure software engineering, defensive programming, security testing concepts, and dependency management. |
Course |
| Introduction to JavaScript Security |
LFS184 |
JavaScript security risks, identifying vulnerabilities, defensive development practices, and securing JavaScript applications. |
Catalog |
| Authentication & Authorization for Web/API |
LFEL1004 |
Authentication, authorization, API security, protecting sensitive data, and designing secure access controls. |
Catalog |
| Understanding the OWASP Top 10 Security Threats |
SKF100 |
Common application security vulnerabilities, including injection, broken access control, security misconfiguration, and vulnerable dependencies. |
Catalog |
4. Security Governance and Compliance
| Course |
Course ID |
Description |
Link |
| Security for Software Development Managers |
LFD125 |
Managing software security programs, identifying vulnerabilities, security leadership, and implementing secure development practices. |
Course |
| Understanding the EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) |
LFEL1001 |
EU CRA requirements, manufacturer responsibilities, cybersecurity risk management, and compliance preparation. |
Catalog |
| Cybersecurity Essentials |
LFC108 |
Cybersecurity fundamentals, identifying security risks, protecting organizational information, and security awareness. |
Catalog |
| Introduction to Zero Trust |
LFS183 |
Zero Trust security principles, access controls, identity verification, and protecting digital environments. |
Catalog |
| Conversational AI: Ensuring Compliance and Mitigating Risks |
LFS120 |
AI governance, compliance, privacy, NIST AI RMF, EU AI Act, and operational risk management. |
Course |
5. Education Mapped to the CI/CD Cybersecurity Guide
The following table maps OpenSSF and Linux Foundation courses to the three phases of the CI/CD Cybersecurity Guide.
| CI/CD Phase |
Security Focus |
Recommended Courses |
| Phase 1: Code and Prebuild |
Secure coding, threat modeling, dependency security, AI-assisted development, application security, and security planning. |
Developing Secure Software (LFD121); Secure AI/ML-Driven Software Development (LFEL1012); Understanding the OWASP Top 10 (SKF100); Authentication & Authorization for Web/API (LFEL1004); Introduction to JavaScript Security (LFS184) |
| Phase 2: Build and Deploy |
Software supply chain security, SBOM generation, provenance, artifact signing, dependency security, and CI/CD security. |
Automating Supply Chain Security (LFEL1007); Sigstore (LFS182); OpenSSF Scorecard (LFEL1006); Introduction to DevSecOps for Managers (LFS180) |
| Phase 3: Post Deployment |
Vulnerability identification, security assessments, vulnerability management, regulatory compliance, and ongoing security practices. |
Security Self-Assessments (LFEL1005); Developing Secure Software (LFD121); Understanding the EU CRA (LFEL1001); Security for Software Development Managers (LFD125) |
2 - NIST Resources
NIST research, guides and documents for securing the software delivery lifecycle, including AI development, software supply chain security, and DevSecOps.
NIST Cybersecurity Resources and Publications
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides cybersecurity frameworks, standards, and technical guidance to help organizations secure the software development lifecycle. These publications address secure software development, artificial intelligence (AI), software supply chain security, DevSecOps, vulnerability management, and cybersecurity governance.
1. Secure Software Development and DevSecOps
| NIST Publication |
Title |
Description |
Status |
Link |
| SP 800-218 |
Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) Version 1.1 |
Foundational secure software development practices covering organizational preparation, software protection, secure production, and vulnerability response. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-218 Rev. 1 |
Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) Version 1.2 |
Proposed updates to the SSDF addressing secure and reliable software development, delivery, and improvement. |
Draft |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-204D |
Strategies for the Integration of Software Supply Chain Security in DevSecOps CI/CD Pipelines |
Guidance for integrating software supply chain security, provenance, attestations, and artifact verification into CI/CD workflows. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| NIST IR 8397 |
Guidelines on Minimum Standards for Developer Verification of Software |
Recommendations for static analysis, automated testing, fuzzing, threat modeling, and software dependency verification. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
2. AI Development and AI Security
| NIST Publication |
Title |
Description |
Status |
Link |
| SP 800-218A |
Secure Software Development Practices for Generative AI and Dual-Use Foundation Models |
Extends NIST SSDF with secure development practices for AI models and AI-enabled software systems. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| AI 100-1 |
Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) |
Framework for identifying, assessing, managing, and governing risks associated with AI systems throughout their lifecycle. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| AI 600-1 |
Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile |
Guidance for managing risks introduced by generative AI, including security, privacy, reliability, and misuse. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| AI 100-2e2025 |
Adversarial Machine Learning: A Taxonomy and Terminology of Attacks and Mitigations |
Describes adversarial AI attacks, including data poisoning, evasion, privacy attacks, and attacks against generative AI systems. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 2400-102e2026 |
Adversarial Machine Learning: A Taxonomy and Terminology of Attacks and Mitigations |
Draft guidance expanding adversarial AI security terminology and attack classifications, including agentic AI system threats. |
Draft |
NIST Announcement |
3. Software Supply Chain Security
| NIST Publication |
Title |
Description |
Status |
Link |
| SP 800-161 Rev. 1 |
Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations |
Guidance for identifying, assessing, and mitigating cybersecurity risks associated with software suppliers, components, products, and services. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-204D |
Strategies for the Integration of Software Supply Chain Security in DevSecOps CI/CD Pipelines |
Practical strategies for protecting software repositories, build systems, dependencies, artifacts, and CI/CD workflows. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-218 |
Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) |
Secure development practices that help organizations manage software vulnerabilities and supply chain risks. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-190 |
Application Container Security Guide |
Security considerations for container images, registries, container runtime environments, and container orchestration. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
4. Post-Deployment Vulnerability Management
| NIST Publication |
Title |
Description |
Status |
Link |
| SP 800-40 Rev. 4 |
Guide to Enterprise Patch Management Planning |
Guidance for identifying, prioritizing, deploying, and verifying security patches and software updates. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-216 |
Recommendations for Federal Vulnerability Disclosure Guidelines |
Guidance for receiving, assessing, tracking, communicating, and resolving reported vulnerabilities. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-53 Rev. 5 |
Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations |
Security controls covering continuous monitoring, vulnerability scanning, configuration management, flaw remediation, and system integrity. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-190 |
Application Container Security Guide |
Recommendations for securing deployed containers, container hosts, images, and runtime environments. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-218 |
Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) |
Includes practices for responding to vulnerabilities in released software and preventing recurrence. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
5. Cybersecurity Governance and Risk Management
| NIST Publication |
Title |
Description |
Status |
Link |
| CSWP 29 |
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 |
Framework for governing, identifying, protecting against, detecting, responding to, and recovering from cybersecurity risks. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-53 Rev. 5 |
Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations |
Catalog of security and privacy controls for secure operations, monitoring, vulnerability management, and risk reduction. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| SP 800-161 Rev. 1 |
Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices |
Enterprise-level practices for managing supply chain security risks and supplier relationships. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
| AI 100-1 |
Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework |
Governance and management of risks involving AI development, deployment, and use. |
Final |
NIST Publication |
6. NIST Resources Mapped to the CI/CD Cybersecurity Guide
The following table maps relevant NIST publications to the three phases of the CI/CD Cybersecurity Guide.
| CI/CD Phase |
Security Focus |
Recommended NIST Publications |
| Phase 1: Code and Prebuild |
Secure coding, threat modeling, dependency security, AI development, and security planning. |
SP 800-218, SP 800-218A, IR 8397, AI 100-1, AI 600-1, AI 100-2 |
| Phase 2: Build and Deploy |
Software supply chain security, SBOMs, provenance, artifact integrity, automated security testing, and container security. |
SP 800-204D, SP 800-161 Rev. 1, SP 800-218, SP 800-190 |
| Phase 3: Post Deployment |
Continuous vulnerability management, runtime security, vulnerability disclosure, patch management, and remediation verification. |
SP 800-40 Rev. 4, SP 800-216, SP 800-53 Rev. 5, SP 800-190, SP 800-218 |
3 - EU Cyber Resilience Act Resources
Official European Union Cyber Resilience Act resources covering secure software development, software supply chain security, DevSecOps, vulnerability management, and regulatory compliance.
European Union Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) Resources
The European Union Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), Regulation (EU) 2024/2847, establishes cybersecurity requirements for hardware and software products with digital elements made available on the EU market.
The CRA promotes security throughout the software product lifecycle, including secure design, development, production, vulnerability management, security updates, and coordinated vulnerability disclosure.
This section provides official European Commission, EUR-Lex, and European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) resources to help software developers, DevOps teams, platform engineers, security professionals, and open-source maintainers understand and implement CRA requirements.
Recommended Learning Path
For practitioners who are new to software security, the following progression provides a practical starting point.
| Step |
Course |
Learning Objective |
| 1 |
Developing Secure Software (LFD121) |
Understand secure software development fundamentals. |
| 2 |
Secure AI/ML-Driven Software Development (LFEL1012) |
Learn secure practices for AI-assisted software development. |
| 3 |
Introduction to DevSecOps for Managers (LFS180) |
Understand how security fits into CI/CD workflows. |
| 4 |
Automating Supply Chain Security (LFEL1007) |
Learn SBOMs, provenance, and software supply chain controls. |
| 5 |
Securing Your Software Supply Chain with Sigstore (LFS182) |
Learn software artifact signing and verification. |
| 6 |
Securing Projects with OpenSSF Scorecard (LFEL1006) |
Automate assessment of open-source project security. |
| 7 |
Understanding the EU Cyber Resilience Act (LFEL1001) |
Understand software cybersecurity regulatory obligations. |
1. Foundational CRA Legislation and Guidance
| Document or Resource |
Reference |
Description |
Link |
| Cyber Resilience Act – Full Regulation |
Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 |
Complete legal text establishing cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements. |
EUR-Lex |
| Cyber Resilience Act – Overview |
European Commission |
Introduction to CRA objectives, scope, obligations, and implementation milestones. |
European Commission |
| Cyber Resilience Act – Legislative Summary |
European Commission |
Accessible explanation of the CRA’s major provisions, including manufacturers’ responsibilities and open-source software. |
CRA Summary |
| Commission Guidance on CRA Implementation |
C(2026) 5252 |
Practical implementation guidance covering product scope, risk assessments, support periods, reporting, open-source software, and substantial modifications. |
Commission Guidance |
| CRA Implementation FAQs |
European Commission |
Frequently asked questions explaining CRA obligations, applicability, responsibilities, and compliance considerations. |
CRA FAQs |
| CRA Implementation Timeline |
European Commission |
Regulatory milestones, reporting requirements, standardization activities, and compliance deadlines. |
Implementation Timeline |
2. Secure Software Development and DevSecOps
| CRA Reference |
Requirement |
Description |
Link |
| Article 13(2)–(4) |
Cybersecurity Risk Assessment |
Manufacturers must assess cybersecurity risks, document their findings, and use the assessment to inform product security requirements. |
CRA Article 13 |
| Annex I, Part I(1) |
Secure-by-Design Development |
Products must be designed, developed, and produced to provide cybersecurity appropriate to their risks. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex I, Part I(2)(a) |
Known Exploitable Vulnerabilities |
Products must be made available on the market without known exploitable vulnerabilities. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex I, Part I(2)(b) |
Secure Default Configuration |
Products must be available with secure default configurations, including the ability to reset to their original state. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex I, Part I(2)(c) |
Security Updates |
Products must support addressing vulnerabilities through security updates, including automatic updates where applicable. |
CRA Annex I |
| Article 13(5) |
Third-Party Component Due Diligence |
Manufacturers must exercise due diligence when integrating third-party components, including open-source software. |
CRA Article 13 |
3. Software Supply Chain Security and SBOMs
| CRA Reference |
Requirement |
Description |
Link |
| Annex I, Part II(1) |
Vulnerability Identification |
Identify and document vulnerabilities and components contained in products, including maintaining an SBOM in a commonly used, machine-readable format covering at least top-level dependencies. |
CRA Annex I |
| Article 13(5) |
Third-Party Dependency Security |
Apply cybersecurity due diligence to integrated third-party software and hardware components. |
CRA Article 13 |
| Annex I, Part II(5) |
Security Testing and Reviews |
Apply appropriate security testing and review practices during development and maintenance. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex I, Part II(7) |
Secure Software Distribution |
Provide mechanisms for securely distributing product updates to address vulnerabilities. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex VII |
Technical Documentation |
Maintain documentation supporting conformity, including product descriptions, cybersecurity risk assessments, security controls, and vulnerability-handling processes. |
CRA Annex VII |
| Article 31 |
Technical Documentation Requirements |
Establish and maintain technical documentation demonstrating conformity with applicable cybersecurity requirements. |
CRA Article 31 |
4. Post-Deployment Vulnerability Management
| CRA Reference |
Requirement |
Description |
Link |
| Annex I, Part II(1) |
Vulnerability Identification and Documentation |
Identify and document vulnerabilities and product components to support ongoing vulnerability handling. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex I, Part II(2) |
Vulnerability Remediation |
Address and remediate vulnerabilities without delay, including providing security updates where appropriate. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex I, Part II(3) |
Security Testing |
Conduct effective and regular tests and reviews of product security. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex I, Part II(4) |
Security Update Information |
Publicly disclose information about fixed vulnerabilities when security updates are available, subject to applicable exceptions. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex I, Part II(5) |
Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure |
Establish and enforce a policy for coordinated vulnerability disclosure. |
CRA Annex I |
| Annex I, Part II(6) |
Vulnerability Reporting Contact |
Facilitate sharing information about potential vulnerabilities, including providing a contact address. |
CRA Annex I |
| Article 13(8) |
Product Support Period |
Determine the product support period and provide vulnerability handling during that period, subject to CRA requirements. |
CRA Article 13 |
5. Vulnerability Disclosure and Regulatory Reporting
| Resource |
Reference |
Description |
Link |
| CRA Reporting Obligations |
Article 14 |
Mandatory reporting of actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents affecting product security. |
European Commission |
| CRA Single Reporting Platform |
Article 16 |
ENISA-operated platform for submitting required vulnerability and incident notifications. |
ENISA SRP |
| CRA Reporting FAQs |
ENISA |
Guidance on registration, reporting responsibilities, notification workflows, and use of the Single Reporting Platform. |
ENISA FAQs |
| SRP Assigned Representative User Manual |
ENISA v1.3 |
Practical instructions for registration, notification submission, updates, and reporting workflows. |
User Manual PDF |
| CRA Open-Source Software Guidance |
Article 24 |
Responsibilities and special provisions for qualifying open-source software stewards and free and open-source software. |
European Commission |
Key Reporting Deadlines
| Obligation |
Deadline |
Description |
| Early Warning |
Within 24 hours |
Initial notification after becoming aware of an actively exploited vulnerability or reportable severe incident. |
| Vulnerability or Incident Notification |
Within 72 hours |
More detailed notification concerning the vulnerability or incident. |
| Final Vulnerability Report |
Within 14 days after a corrective measure is available |
Final report concerning an actively exploited vulnerability and corrective measures. |
| Final Severe Incident Report |
Within one month of the 72-hour notification |
Final report concerning the severe incident and response. |
These deadlines are subject to the applicable CRA requirements and reporting criteria.
| Resource |
Reference |
Description |
Link |
| CRA Standardisation Overview |
European Commission |
Explains harmonised European standards supporting conformity with CRA essential cybersecurity requirements. |
CRA Standardisation |
| CRA Standardisation Request |
M/606 |
European Commission request for the development of 41 horizontal and product-specific standards supporting CRA implementation. |
Standardisation Resources |
| CRA Technical Documentation |
Annex VII |
Requirements for technical evidence supporting product cybersecurity compliance. |
CRA Annex VII |
| CRA Conformity Assessment |
Articles 32–33 |
Requirements and procedures for assessing conformity, including applicable third-party assessment routes. |
CRA Regulation |
| CRA EU Declaration of Conformity |
Article 28 and Annex V |
Requirements for declaring that a product complies with applicable CRA requirements. |
CRA Regulation |
7. Open-Source Software and the CRA
The CRA recognizes the importance of free and open-source software and establishes specific provisions for open-source development communities.
Free and open-source software that is not made available on the market in the course of a commercial activity is generally outside the CRA’s product requirements.
However, commercial software manufacturers incorporating open-source components must exercise due diligence, and qualifying open-source software stewards have specific responsibilities under Article 24.
| Resource |
Focus |
Link |
| European Commission CRA Open-Source Guidance |
Applicability of the CRA to open-source software, maintainers, and software stewards. |
Open Source and CRA |
| Article 24 – Open-Source Software Stewards |
Cybersecurity policies, vulnerability handling, cooperation, and reporting responsibilities. |
CRA Regulation |
| Commission CRA Implementation Guidance |
Practical examples explaining commercial activity, open-source software, and regulatory scope. |
Commission Guidance |
| CRA Implementation FAQs |
Clarifications for developers, businesses, and open-source organizations. |
CRA FAQs |
CRA Resources Mapped to the CI/CD Cybersecurity Guide
| CI/CD Phase |
Security Focus |
Relevant CRA Requirements |
Recommended Resources |
| Phase 1: Code and Prebuild |
Cybersecurity risk assessments, Secure-by-Design, secure coding, dependency due diligence, and vulnerability disclosure preparation. |
Article 13; Annex I, Part I; Annex I, Part II |
CRA Regulation; Commission Implementation Guidance; CRA FAQs |
| Phase 2: Build and Deploy |
Release security validation, SBOM generation, security testing, secure updates, and technical compliance documentation. |
Article 13; Article 31; Annex I, Parts I and II; Annex VII |
CRA Regulation; CRA Standardisation; Technical Documentation Requirements |
| Phase 3: Post Deployment |
Continuous vulnerability management, affected-product identification, remediation, security updates, vulnerability disclosure, and regulatory reporting. |
Articles 13–16; Annex I, Part II |
CRA Reporting Guidance; ENISA Single Reporting Platform; ENISA Reporting FAQs |
CRA Implementation Milestones
| Date |
Milestone |
Status |
| December 10, 2024 |
CRA entered into force. |
In effect |
| June 11, 2026 |
Provisions concerning notification of conformity assessment bodies began applying. |
In effect |
| July 27, 2026 |
European Commission published practical CRA implementation guidance. |
Published |
| September 11, 2026 |
Manufacturer reporting obligations for actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents began applying. |
In effect |
| December 11, 2027 |
Main CRA cybersecurity requirements begin applying. |
Upcoming |
| December 11, 2027 |
Article 24(3) reporting obligations for qualifying open-source software stewards begin applying. |
Upcoming |